If Clause (Pengandaian)

IF CLAUSE Type 1, 2, 3

1.         CONDITIONAL TYPE 1

Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu hal yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang . Conditional type I dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple present tense) dan main clause ( dalam simple future tense ).

if  +  simple present , subject  +  will  +  bare invinitive

·         if i finish work early , i play tennis

·         if she has enough time , she will come to your house

·         if  you invite us , we will come to your wedding party

If  +  simple present  +  modal auxiliary (can, may, must, will) digunakam untuk menunjukan suatu kemungkinan (possibility) , izin (permission), kepastian (certainty).

If  +  simple present ,subject  +  can,may,must  +  bare infinitive

·         if  you leave now, you will arrive in time (certain result)

·         if you leave now , you may arrive in time (possibility)

·         if he is in hurry , he can use my car (permission)

2.    CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE II

Conditional sentence type II digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di waktu sekarang.

If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive

·         If you had longer legs, you would be able to run faster

·         If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here

·         If I had a spare ticket , I would give it to him

Conditional sentence type II juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu yang tidak kita harapkan terjadi di waktu sekarang .

If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive

·         If a robber came into my house, I would throw a knife at him

·         If the man chased me , I would ran away

·         If he wanted to kill me , I would report him to a police

      3.          CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE III

Conditional sentence type III digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu penyelesaian (regret dan lain-lain ) tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi diwaktu sekarang.

If  +  subject  +  past perfect , would/could/might   +  have  +  past participle

·         If you had gone by car, you would have arrive in bandung

·         If you had studied english seriously, you would spoken english well

·         If she had tried harder, she would have been successful

·         If you had left early, you might have arrive there

If had been you/inyour position

“if i had been you / in your position” digunakan untuk menunjukan apa yang sudah akan kita lakukan jika kita berada dalam posisi orang lain.

·         If i had been in your position, i would have accepted her offer of help

·         If i had been mary, i would have paid fifty million rupiah for the car

Example

•   If i finish work early , I will play tennis

            Fact : It is possible that I will play tennis

•    If i finished work early, I would play tennis

            Fact : I don’t finish work early, so I don’t play tennis

•   If i finished work early, I would played tennis

            Fact : I didn’t finish work early, so I didn’t play tennis

•         If he arrives on time, I will speak wih him

            Fact : It is possible that he arrives on time

•         If he arrived on time, I would speak with him

           Fact : He don’t arrives on time, so i don’t speak him

•         If he arrived on time,  I would spoke with him

           Fact : He didn’t arrives on time, so I didn’t speak him

•        If  you invite us , we will come to your wedding party

          Fact : It is possible that you invite us

•        If you invited us, we would come to your wedding party

           Fact : I don’t invite us, so we don’t wedding party

•        If you invited us, we would came to your weeding party

          Fact : I didn’t invite us, so we didn’t wedding party

•        If you speak english well, he would be accept to work here

          Fact : It is possible that you speak english well

•       If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here

         Fact : I don’t speak english well, so he don’t accept to work here

•       If you spoked english well, he would be accepted to work here

         Fact : I didn’t speak english well, so he didn’t accept to work

Contoh soal :

1. I am not happy because she doesn’t love me. But, ….

I will be very happy if she loves me.
I will be happy if she loved me.
I would be very happy if she loved me.
I would have been very happy if she had loved me.

2. Sorry bro. I was sick last night therefore I didn’t come to your party.

If I wasn’t sick last night, I came to your party.
If I had been sick last night, I wouldn’t come to your party.
If I hadn’t been sick last night, I would come to your party.
If I hadn’t been sick last night, I would have come to your party.

3. Tommy and Tono couldn’t play football because they had an exam.

Tommy and Tono couldn’t play football as if they had had an exam.
Tommy and Tono could have played football if they didn’t have an exam.
Tommy and Tono could play football if they didn’t have an exam.
Tommy and Tono could have played football if they hadn’t had an exam.

4.  The sun always rises in the east.

What would happen if the sun rises in the west?
What will happen if the sun rises in the west?
What would happen if the sun rose in the west?
What would have happened if the sun had risen in the west?

5. She didn’t love him because he was a jerk.

If he hadn’t been a jerk, she would have loved him.
If he weren’t a jerk, she would love him.
If he hadn’t been a jerk, she would love him.
She would have loved him even though he had been a jerk.

 6 . I cannot finish this work unless you … me
a. helped
b. don’t help
c. help
d. didn’t help

7. If you try again, you … it well
a. will do
b. could do
c. has done
d. would do 

8. If the man … carelessly, he would get an
accident
a. drives
b. didn’t drive
c. doesn’t drive
d. drove

9. She would have returned the book …
a. if you asked her
b. unless you asked her
c. if you had asked her
d. unless you had asked her
10. We will miss the first train, unless we … early
a. get up
b. got up
c. had got up
d. don’t get up

11. “Will you tell Mary about it?”
a. if i met her
b. if i don’t meet her
c. if i meet her
d. if i didn’t meet her
12. If you hurt him, I … something you
a. I would have done
b. I should have done
c. I might have done
d. I would done

13. If I pass my final test, what …?
a. you will buy for me
b. will you buy for me
c. would you buy for me
d. you would buy for me
14. Unless I know the answer, I … the question
a. will answer
b. won’t answer
c. would answer
d. wouldn’t answer 

15. Would you repair this radio if you .... tools?
a. get
b. got
c. will get
d. had got 

16. If I lived in the country I .... a lot of animals. 

   a. will have

   b. had had

   c. would have

17.  What .... if he had met an alien? 

     a. would happen

    b.  had happened

    c. would have happened

18. If I .... a house on fire, I'd call the fire station.
a. see

b. would see

c. saw

19. I .... a taxi if I had known it was such a long way.
a.had taken

 b.would have taken

 c.would take

20. If it .... I would have gone for a walk.
a. had not rained

 b.did not rained

 c.have not rained

21. If Marcus sings under the shower, I ....the radio up to full volume.

 a. will turn up

 b. would turn up

22. If I ....to Leipzig, I'll visit the zoo.

a. go

b. went

c. had gone

 23. If it .... , we'd be in the garden.

a. doesn’t rain

b. didn’t rain

c. hadn’t rain

24. If you ....a lighter jacket, the car driver would have seen you earlier.

 a. wear

 b. worn

 c. had worn

25. We ....TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the theatre tickets.

 a. will watch

 b. would watch

 c. would have watched

 26. She wouldn't have had two laptops if she ....the contract.

 a. does not sign

 b. did not sign

 c. had not sign

27. If I was/were a millionaire, I ....in Beverly Hills.

a. will live

b. would live.

c. would have lived

28. You would save energy if you ....the lights more often.

a. switch off

b. switched off

c. had switched off

29. If we had read the book, we ....the film.

a. will understood

b. would understood

c. would have understood

30. My sister could score better on the test if the teacher ....the grammar once more.

a. explain

b. explained

c. would have explained

31. They ....on time if they hadn't missed the train.

a. arrive

b. arrived

c. would have arrived