Simple Past/Pasive Voice

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat

ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

S+auxiliary verb+past participle

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.    

Soal – Soal Latihan Kompetensi Passive Voice 

1.      A well-known architect is designing our new office.The passive form of the above sentence is our new office..........by a well-known architect.

      A.    Designs                                  D. Is     Designed .

      B.     Designed                               E. Is being Designed

      C.     Be Designing

2.      The stewardess is now serving coffee to the passengers.  The passive form of the above sentence is.............

     A.     The pessengers are serving are serving coffee now.

     B.     The pessengers are now served coffee.

     C.     Coffee is now served by the pessengers.

     D.    Coffee is now being served to the pessengers.

     E.     Coffee is now served to the pessengers.

3.      They think he is wealthy.

The passive form of the above sentence is.....

    A.    He is thought a wealthy man

    B.     They are considered a wealthy man.

    C.     They are thought he is a wealthy man.

    D.    He is thought to be a wealthy man.

    E.     He is thought being a wealthy man..

4.      Every body belived that Gods brought them happiness.

We can also say:

     A.    It is belived that the gods brought them happiness.

     B.     The gods were belived to have brought them happiness.

     C.     That The Gods brought them happiness were belived by everybody.

     D.    The Gods were belived to bring them happiness.

     E.     It was belived  that the Gods have brought them happiness.

5.      Have you been informed about the exact number of victims of the airplane crash?

Yes .........to the headquarters of Garuda.

    A.    They are faxed            D. It has been faxed.

    B.     Has faxed                   E. We fax it.

    C.     The victims fax

6.      You seem to waiting for something these days. That’s true I’m waiting ..........for an  interview.

    A.    Called                         C. Be called                 E. To be called.

     B.     To call                       D. Calling

7.      I am still waiting .....for an  interview.

     A.    To be called.              C. Be Calling               E. Called

     B.     Be called                   D. To call

8.      Why does the baby next-door keep crying?

As usual, it ...............by the baby sister.

      A.    Is necleting                D. Is to be necleted

      B.     Is necleted                E. Is to  neclet

      C.     Neclets

9.      We called the committee to ask whether the copetation ......to begin that afternoon.

     A.    Was scheduled           D. To be scheduled

     B.     To scheduled             E. Was to schedul

     C.     Was scheduling.

10.  Bambang looks very happy today. Don’t you know he ..........to general manager?

      A.    Has promoted            C. Has To Promote                 

      B.     To Be Promoted        D. Has Been Promoted